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Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is a type of Demand Management system that can help a building owner save on energy demand costs. While TES systems don’t actually save much facility energy in the form of BTUs, they will produce and “store” heat energy (hot or cold) during off-peak hours (i.e. at night) in order to use this energy during peak hours, thus reducing the energy demand and associated demand charges.
Green Building and Thermal Energy Storage
So, if there is no actual energy reduction from a TES system, why is this important to a green building?
Building HVAC systems are sized to meet peak load, not average load. Chillers that use a TES system can be sized smaller and run at a higher average load, which is more efficient. The lower nighttime temperatures also reduce the chiller energy usage considerably. From an energy generation perspective, it is much more efficient to create electricity at night than during the heat of the day. Power plants are sized to meet peak load much like an HVAC system is. These plants typically run at 50% capacity (very inefficient), but during peak periods they get overloaded and additional generators come on line to meet the peak load. These generators are typically the least efficient in generating electricity. If peak loads were reduced across the board, smaller, more efficient power plants could be used, thus reducing air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions while providing better energy quality and security.
Where TES systems are really green is at the source of electrical generation. Research from a 1996 California Energy Commission report finds that there is approximately 20% savings in raw fuel consumption (coal) when electricity is produced during off peak hours (http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/500-95-005_TES-REPORT.PDF ). Similarly, a report by Greg Kats, “The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings” (http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/News/News477.pdf) states that peak power in California is twice as dirty as off peak power. So there is some actual energy (BTU) savings with TES systems, it’s just found more at the source than at the meter.
Thermal Energy Storage Applications
Thermal energy storage is not a new concept; it’s been around for quite some time. Building structures have often been used as passive thermal storage, such as adobe brick. The most common TES system is actually the water heater in your house. It heats up the water and stores it for use when needed. If this water was heated instantaneously it would take almost four times as much energy according to Mark MacCracken in a September 2003 article in ASHRAE Journal. A TES system can be something as simple as a chiller producing chilled water at night and storing it for use during the daytime. The lower nighttime temperatures reduce the chiller energy usage considerably, and the system is already interfaced into the existing HVAC system. Another storage medium that is commonly used is ice. Ice has a high latent heat of energy, which can store 144 BTU/lb of energy, as compared to water which holds about 1 BTU/lb (Energy Management Handbook, 7th ed). This can reduce the storage size up to 75% as compared to a water storage tank.
TES systems can play a huge part in renewable energy technologies as well. Let’s take solar energy for example. What happens when the sun goes down and the solar panels can’t generate more energy? TES systems can be used to store energy generated during the daytime and used at night. The Andasol 1 power plant in Spain does this by heating salt to store the sun’s energy. Salt has a very high melting point so it can retain the energy without vaporizing and then exchange the heat to water and make steam in a very efficient process. There are similar solar thermal power plants in the US as well, in California and Arizona.
LEED and Thermal Energy Storage Systems
It’s a common misconception that TES systems cannot help earn LEED points because they do not actually save any BTUs of energy. TES systems will definitely help towards earning LEED credits because EA Credit 1 (Optimize Energy Efficiency) is based on energy COST reduction per ASHRAE Std 90.1, not BTU reduction. Since TES systems help reduce energy demand costs, they count towards this credit. This same theory can be applied to EA Credit 2 (On-Site Renewable Energy), and TES systems could possible qualify for an Innovation in Design credit.
It also looks as though the new LEED 2012 green building rating systems will give Thermal Energy Systems its proper credit. One of the pilot credits in the EA category is entitled “Demand Response,” where one of the options for this credit is “Permanent Peak Load Shifting.” Therefore TES systems will play an even bigger role in LEED projects than they currently do.
TES systems are an often overlooked green building technology because they are seen as a cost management system and not an energy conservation system. In reality, TES systems actually do save energy, but more at the power plant than at the meter. TES systems are green because they allow for reduced equipment size and reduced power plant size, which can in turn reduce the amount of pollutants produced in electrical generation as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Other benefits of TES systems include capital costs savings, energy cost savings and improved HVAC operation. TES systems tend to have a fairly high return on investment and should be considered in any green building project.
Related Advice:
CASCADING MARINE HYDRO ELECTRICAL GENERATION
Sun, 04/03/2011 - 23:50 — chaganti (not verified)Subject: cascading marine hydro electrical generation method. NEW TECHNOLOGIES FROM CHAGANTI
Dear Sir,
I am a student doing research in CASCADING MARINE HYDRO POWER GENERATION
An UNDERGROUND RIVER IS DUG FROM 20-METER DEEP OCEAN
FROM THE BOTTOM OF OCEAN BED A MAN MADE UNDERGROUND RIVER IS DUG SLANTINGLY DOWN
A SLANTINGLY SLOPPILY DOWN UNDERGROUND RIVER IS DUG FROM THE OCEAN AND THE RIVER WILL BE GOING INTO THE MAIN LAND AND OPEN UP AT P2 UNIT OR 2ND UNIT (OPEN TO SKY AND TO THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE)
THE UNDERGROUND RIVER INLET WILL BE TO THE MSL AND THE OUTLET OF THE UNDERGROUND RIVER WILL BE AT - 350 METERS BELOW THE MSL AND UNDER THE EARTH OPEN TO SKY
THERE WILL BE TREMENDOUS ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AT THE INLET OF THE RIVER, WHICH IS TO THE MAIN SEA LEVEL BECAUSE WATER AND AIR RUSHES INTO THE RIVER INLET WITH FULL FORCE AND WILL TRAVEL DOWN THE 120 METERS DEEP WELL HAVING 250 METERS DIAMETER AND JUST BELOW THE BOTTOM OF THE WELL THE UNDER GROUND RIVER WILL START RUNNING SLANTINGLY SLOPPILY DOWN
THIS WELL WILL EXERT ALL THE HYDRAULIC PRESSURE REQUIRED TO PUSH WATER DOWN THE INLET OF THE UNDERGROUND RIVER
WHEN THE GATE SITUATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE WELL IS OPENED THEN ALL WATER RUNS DOWN BY THE LAW OF GRAVITY. ABOVE THE WELL WILL BE 20 METERS DEEP OCEAN (20 METERS DEEP OCEAN + 100 METERS DEEP WELL)
THE WELL WILL GIVE ALL THE HYDRAULIC THRUST REQUIRED FOR EVERY INDIVIDUAL POWER GENERATION UNIT ERECTED ONE BELOW THE OTHER IN CASCADING ARRANGEMENT ON THE SLANTINGLY DOWN RIVER FROM P1 TO P20
THE SLANTINGLY SLOPPILY UNDERGROUND RIVER WILL GENERATE BIG KINETIC ENERGIES
CONSTRUCTING BARRIERS AND ERECT POWER GENERATION STATIONS ON THE RIVER AT EVERY 1.5 KMS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY
THERE ARE THREE INDIVIDUAL TECHNOLOGIES INVOLVED IN THE ENTIRE PROCESS OF POWER GENERATION 1ST ) RESERVOIR HYDRAULICS ARE APPLIED IN THE VERY FIRST UNIT P1 BECAUSE A 120 METER DEEP WELL IS THE VERTICAL HEAD DUG FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE 20 METERS DEEP OCEAN BED
FOR THE FIRST POWER GENERATION UNIT ERECTED JUST BELOW THE WELL AT 130 METERS AND FROM THE
2ND ) RUN OF THE RIVER BASED HYDRAULIC TECHNOLOGIES ARE APPLIED BECAUSE THE FIRST POWER GENERATION UNIT WILL CONTENTIOUSLY RELEASE WATER FROM THE FIRST UNIT P1 TAIL END INTO THE SECOND POWER GENERATION UNIT P2 THERE BY WATER FLOWS DOWN BY THE LAW OF GRAVITY FROM UNIT TO UNIT AND THE UNDERGROUND RIVER IS OPEN TO SKY AND ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AT THE SECOND POWER GENERATION UNIT WATER IS COLLECTED IN THE 1.5 KM LONG GAP
THIS GAP IS COMMON TO ALL INDIVIDUAL POWER GENERATION UNITS AND WHEN THE HYDRAULIC PRESSURE BECOMES MAXIMUM THEN WATER IS RELEASED INTO THE FOLLOWING TURBINE SITUATED JUST BENETH IT
AND IN THE
3RD) THE PUMP STORAGE HYDRAULIC TECHNOLOGY IS APPLIED BECAUSE WATER COMING INSIDE THE TAIL POND SHOULD BE LIFTED UP
ONE SECOND RIVER INLET WATER AND ONE SECOND PUMP OUTFLOWS ARE ALWAYS CONSTANT FOR THE WATER CIRCULATION TO CONTINUE NON-STOP TO GENERATE POWER.
INLET WILL ALLOW 96000 CUBIC METERS OCEAN WATER AND PUMP OUTFLOWS WILL PUMP OUT 96000 CUBIC METERS ABOVE THE MSL SO THAT THE PUMPED OUT WATER WILL FLOW BACK INTO THE OCEAN
ALWAYS REMEMBER P1
THE VERY FIRST POWER GENERATION GENERATED ELECTRICITY IS FOR SALE AND THE REMAINING POWER GENERATION UNITS
P2 TO P20 POWER GENERATION IS CONSUMED BY THE PUMPS BECAUSE THE 24000 MW PUMP TURBINES (500 MW EACH X 48 INDIVIDUAL NUMBERS) HAVE TO PUMP OUT 96000 CUBIC METERS OCEAN WATER PER EVERY SECOND TO ABOVE THE MAIN SEA LEVEL WITH A PUMP NET HEAD OF 350 METERS
BY IMPLEMENTING THIS TECHNOLOGY VERY BIG GENERATIONS ARE POSSIBLE
THANKING YOU
WITH REGARDS
C.S.BHASKAR
91-9395541155
mybusinessislove@gmail.com
IF YOU LIKE THE CONCEPT KINDLY SEND YOUR MAIL, YOUR DOUBTS AND QUESTIONS TOO.
NOTE:
NORMALLY EVERY HYDRAULIC EXPERT WILL SAY ONLY ONE THING ON A REGULAR BASIS THAT POWER GENERATED IS POWER CONSUMED BY PUMPS
BUT THIS IS NOT CORRECT IN MY CASCADING MARINE HYDRO ELECTRICAL GENERATION TECHNOLOGY.
POINT 1)
THERE WILL BE VERY LITTLE FRICTION LOSSES BECAUSE THE BOTTOM OF THE WATER RUN WAY FROM THE INLET OF THE RIVER AND TO THE RIVER OUTLET WILL BE HAVING A METALLIC SHEET.
WATER WILL RUN ON A METALLIC SHEET (BOTTOM AND OF SIDES TOO)
AND THE UNDERGROUND RIVER WILL BE SLANTINGLY SLOPPILY DOWN.
MSL TO –350 METERS THE UNDERGROUND RIVER WILL BE 40 KILOMETER LONG HAVING 100 METERS WIDTH AND 20 METERS DEEP. TOP OF THE RIVER IS OPEN TO SKY.
POINT 2)
THE UNDERGROUND RIVER WILL BE ALWAYS OPEN TO THE SKY AND TO THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE WITH MAN MADE GRADIENT AND ANGLE.
POINT 3)
THE TURBINE WILL BE OF A DIFFERENT DESIGN.
THE TURBINE WILL BE LIKE A REVOLVING GARDEN GATE MODEL.
THERE WILL BE NO PEN STOCK AND WATER IN THE 20 METERS DEEP RIVER HAVING A VELOCITY OF 48 METERS PER SECOND WILL GO THROUGH THE GIANT TURBINES HAVING 20 METERS GATES AND WILL SPIN THE GENERATOR FOR THE GENERATION OF GREEN MARINE ELECTRICITY.
ALWAYS REMEMBER THE RIVER IS SLANTINGLY SLOPPILY DOWN HAVING A MAN MADE GRADIENT FOR THE WATER TO FLOW DOWN BY THE LAW OF GRAVITY.
THE RIVER HAS NO BENDS, TWISTS OR TURNS. THE UNDER GROUND RIVER IS JUST IN A STRAIGHT LINE, MSL TO - 350 METERS BELOW MSL.
POINT 4)
THE ARRANGEMENT OF TURBINES WILL BE ONE BELOW THE OTHER IN CASCADING ARRANGEMENT ONE BELOW THE OTHER STEP DOWN METHOD.
WATER FROM THE INLET WILL RUN DOWN THE SLANTINGLY SLOPPILY RIVER.
KINDLY REMEMBER THE INLET IS TO THE MSL OF THE 20 METERS DEEP OCEAN SO WATER FLOWS DOWN THE INLET AND INTO THE 120 METERS VERTICAL WELL HAVING 250 METERS DIAMETER.
THE WELL IS DUG FROM BELOW THE OCEAN BED.
20 METERS OCEAN IS ABOVE THE WELL. NATURAL HEAD.
WHEN THE GATE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE WELL (120 METERS) IS OPENED WATER FROM THE 20 METER DEEP OCEAN WILL FLOW DOWN THE WELL AND WILL IMPINGE THE VERY FIRST TURBINE ERECTED AT 130 METERS 10 METERS BELOW THE WELL.
THE HYDRAULIC PRESSURE IS FORCED DOWN FROM THE WELL AND INTO THE RIVER INLET AND INTO THE P1 TURBINE.
THE DISTANCE FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE WELL (120 m) WILL BE 1.5 KMS TO THE FIRST POWER UNIT (P1 AT 130 METERS)
THE FIRST POWER GENERATION UNIT WILL BE HAVING 130 METERS HEAD.
P=10X96000m3X130Mheadx.95efficiency=118560000KWH
POWER GENERATED EVERY ONE HOUR X 24 HOURS IS THE FIRST POWER GENERATION UNIT P1 GENERATED ELECTRICITY WILL BE FOR SALE.
300000000 KWH IS FOR SALE EVERY 24 HOURS FROM P1 TURBINE.
10 (GRAVITY) 96000 CUBIC METERS (IS THE VOLUME) 130 M (HEAD) .95 (EFFICIENCY) WILL BE FOR P1 THE FIRST POWER GENERATION UNIT
POINT 5)
THERE ARE NO RESERVOIRS ON THE RIVER.
POINT 6)
THE UNDERGROUND RIVER WILL HAVE ONLY ONE INLET AND ONE OUTLET.
WATER FROM THE 20 METERS DEEP OCEAN WILL RUN DOWN THE ENTIRE UNDER GROUND RIVER FROM “INLET TO THE OUTLET”.
POINT 7)
THERE WILL BE MANY GOOD POINTS.
KINDLY THINK
PLEASE READ MY BLOG.
http://www.mybusinessislove.blogspot.com/
IF YOU WANT A 2d VIDEO I WILL SEND KINDLY SEND YOUR MAIL
SEE THE VIDEO SO THAT YOU WILL UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------…
KINDLY NOTE THE DIFFERENCE.
1) POWER GENERATED USING 350 METERS HEAD
Power (kW): 296654400
KINDLY SEE THE GENERATION AND PUMP CONSUMPTION AT 350 METERS.
2) PUMP CONSUMED ELECTRICITY HAVING 350 METERS HEAD
Hydraulic Power: 329616000 (kW) 442015056 (bhp)
POWER GENERATED = 296654400 (KW)
(MINUS)
POWER CONSUMED BY PUMPS= 329616000 (kW)
=32961600 (KW) MORE
TOTAL POWER GENERATED FROM P1 TO P20
POWER GENERATED FROM P1 THE VERY Ist UNIT WILL BE
Power (kW): 110185920 USING 130 METERS HEAD.
P1 GENERATED ELECTRICITY IS FOR SALE EVERY HOUR.
POWER GENERATED IN P2, P3, P4, And P5 ETC TO P20 ALL 19 INDIVIDUAL
POWER GENERATION UNITS WILL BE.
Power (kW): 16951680 FROM P2 UNIT PER HOUR
Power (kW): 16951680 P2 X 19 INDEPENDENT UNITS WILL BE =322081920 (KW)
ELECTRICITY GENERATED EVERY ONE-HOUR.
PUMPS USE THIS GENERATED ELECTRICITY FOR PUMPING.
24000 MW PUMP (500 MW EACH X 48 NUMBERS) PUMPS ARE AVAILABLE
FROM HITACHI
FERC Ruling and Energy Storage
Tue, 04/05/2011 - 10:57 — P Valenta (not verified)I think your suggestion of using thermal energy storage for "green" designs makes sense. Especially now when our country is trying to increase the viability of renewable energy. Your suggestion is to use storage is validated further with the recent FERC ruling where demand response participants will be compensated for their engagement at the same price that generators are paid, referred to as the locational marginal price (LMP). This will encourage customers to be more engaged in energy markets, promote efficiency and facilitate the broader adoption of demand response, which has proven to be a valuable resource for maintaining grid reliability and price stability.
http://www.ferc.gov/media/news-releases/2011/2011-1/03-15-11.asp
Mother nature uses storage to manage supply and demand from the water in lakes to the btuh's stored in fossil fuels. If fossil fuels are going to be replaced with renewable forms of energy, storage will be needed on both sides of the meter.
Is it possible to
Sun, 03/04/2012 - 23:30 — Stanley Davies (not verified)Is it possible to have both TES systems and regular energy management systems in one building? That way, the building is able to reduce its cost, reduce its reliance on energy, and help the power plant as well. Are such systems already available?
Stanley - traderswarehouse
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