A heat pump acts to transfer heat from one place to another and operate by pulling heat out of the air, ground, water (or other fluid) before redirecting that heat to condition a building.
Contrary to what the name might suggest, heat pumps may actually be used to cool a building as well as heat it, operating as an air conditioner does. Heat pumps work most efficiently in moderate climates, where they may cost less to operate than a furnace or air conditioner.
Heat pump technology is important to green building and LEED because it works to move heat that already exists in the environment from one place to another, as opposed to creating new heat by burning fuel.
There are five main types of heat pumps: 1) Absorption Heat Pump 2) Air Source Heat Pump 3) Ground Source Heat Pump (aka Geothermal) 4) Mini-Split Heat Pump and 5) Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Heat Pump.